HVAC – Datacenter Design

1) Monitor and manage the critical parameters associated with equipment installation, by area of the computer room (no more than two building bays):

Space: number of cabinets and rack unit space available vs. utilized

Power: PDU output available vs. utilized

Breaker positions: available vs. utilized

Sensible/redundant cooling capacity available vs. utilized

Floor loading: acceptable weight vs. installed cabinet and equipment weight plus dead load of floor and cables, plus live load of people working in area. Compare the actual floor load with the subfloor structural strength.

Raised floor and overhead space

2) Create a raised floor master plan

3) Establish minimum raised-floor height

24″ if the cabling is overhead, with no chilled water or condenser water pipes under the floor blocking the airflow

Recommend 30-36″ if there are airflow blockages

4) Establish a minimum clearance of 3′ from the top of the cabinets to the ceiling

5) Seal all penetrations in the subfloor and perimeter walls under the raised floor and above the dropped ceiling

Hot/cold aisle

6) Install computer and infrastructure equipment cabinets in the cold aisle/hot aisle arrangement

14′ cold aisle to cold aisle separation with cabinets 42″ deep or less

16′ cold aisle to cold aisle separation with cabinets > 42″ to 48″ deep

7) Utilize proper spacing of the cold aisle

48″ wide with two full rows of tiles which can be removed

All perforated tiles are only located in the cold aisle

8 ) Utilize proper spacing of the hot aisles

Minimum 36″ with at least one row of tiles able to be removed

Do not place perforated tiles on the hot aisles

9) Ensure cabinets are installed with the front face of the frame set on a tile seam in the cold aisle

10) Require cabinet door faces to have a minimum of 50% open perforation – 65% is better

11) Prevent internal hot air recirculation by sealing the front of cabinets with blanking plates, including empty areas in the equipment-mounting surface, between the mounting rails, and the edges of the cabinets (if necessary)

Power and cooling equipment

12) Put PDUs and remote power panels in line with computer equipment cabinet rows occupying cabinet positions

13) Place cooling units at the end of the equipment rows, aligned with hot aisles where possible

14) Face cooling units in the same direction — no “circle the wagons” aka, uniformly distributed cooling

15) Limit maximum cooling unit throw distance to 50′

16) Create appropriate cooling capacity, with redundancy, in each zone of the room (zone maximum is one to two building bays)

Install minimum of two cooling units even if only one is needed

Install one-in-six to one-in-eight redundant cooling units in larger areas

17) Use only sensible cooling at 72F/45%rh when calculating the capacity of cooling units

18) Place chilled or condenser water pipes in suppressed utility trenches if the computer room is built on grade

19) Ensure all cooling units are functioning properly

Set points and sensitivities are consistent

Return air sensors are in calibration – calibrate the calibrator

Airflow volume is at a specific level

Unit is functioning properly at return air conditions

Unit produces at least 15 degree delta T at 100% capacity

20) Be sure the cooling unit’s blower motor is turned off if the throttling valve sticks (chilled water type units) or if a compressor fails (air conditioning type unit)

21) Adjust chilled water temperature to eliminate latent cooling

Perforated tiles

22) The maximum number of perforated tiles is the total cooling unit airflow divided by 750cfm = maximum number of perforated tiles to be installed

Install only the number of perforated tiles necessary to cool the load being dissipated in the cabinet/rack in the area immediately adjacent to the perf tile

Turn off cooling units that are not required by the heat load (except for redundant units)

23) Do not use perforated tile air flow dampers and remove all existing dampers from the bottom of perforated tiles (reduces maximum air flow by 1/3, the often close unexplainably and they potentially can produce zinc whiskers)

Cabling

24) Seal all cable cutouts and other openings in the raised floor with closures

25) Spread power cables out on the subfloor, preferably under the cold aisle to minimize airflow restrictions

26) If overhead cable racks are used, the racks should run parallel to the rows of racks. Crossover points between rows of racks should be located as far from the cooling units serving the area as practical

27) Place data cables in trays at the stringer level in the hot aisle

From <http://itknowledgeexchange.techtarget.com/data-center-facilities/27-tips-for-good-data-center-design/>